Deconditioning

I just watched a Dr. Suneel Dhand video in which he talks about \( \textbf{deconditioning} \) which can be explained as follows:

In medical terms, "deconditioning" refers to the decline in physical function resulting from inactivity, prolonged bedrest, or a sedentary lifestyle. It encompasses a range of negative changes in the body, including decreased muscle strength and size, reduced endurance, impaired cardiovascular function, and even mental and social consequences. 

Elaboration:

Physical Impact:

Deconditioning leads to a noticeable loss of physical fitness, including reduced strength and endurance. Muscles atrophy (shrink) and become weaker, making it difficult to perform even basic activities of daily living. Cardiovascular fitness also declines, meaning the heart and lungs may struggle to deliver oxygen to the body during exertion. 

Systematic Changes:

The effects of deconditioning are widespread and can impact various systems:

• Musculoskeletal: Muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and loss of flexibility are common.  

• Cardiovascular: Reduced heart efficiency, blood clots, and orthostatic intolerance (dizziness upon standing) can occur.  

• Respiratory: Reduced lung capacity and increased shortness of breath.  

• Digestive: Changes in appetite, constipation, and other gastrointestinal problems.  

• Urinary: Loss of bladder control and urinary tract infections.  

Cognitive and Social Impacts:

Deconditioning can also affect mental and social well-being. Individuals may experience confusion, depression, and decreased social interaction due to limited mobility and reduced participation in activities. 

Causes:

Deconditioning can be triggered by various factors, including:

• Extended Bedrest: Patients recovering from surgery or illness may experience deconditioning due to prolonged inactivity.  

• Sedentary Lifestyle: A lack of physical activity can lead to a gradual decline in fitness.  

• Chronic Illness: Conditions like heart failure or respiratory diseases can limit activity and contribute to deconditioning.  

• Space Travel: The effects of weightlessness on the body in space, including muscle atrophy and bone density loss, are a significant example of deconditioning. 

Prevention and Reversal:

While deconditioning can have a significant impact on health, it's often reversible with a gradual increase in physical activity and appropriate rehabilitation programs. Regular exercise and other interventions can help regain strength, endurance, and overall fitness. 

I remember when I was 13 and was in hospital for a week. I had a minor operation and nowadays would have spent one night in hospital. However, movement wasn't encouraged at all and I spent most of my day lying on the bed. I couldn't barely walk on my release. Imagine the impact of a week in hospital for a person in their 70s, 80s or 90s who is bed-ridden. 

As the good doctor says in his video, you should spend as little time in hospital as possible and while you're there you should try to move around as much as possible. For the elderly this is crucial.